隨著現代生活水平的提高，字畫已經從原來的大戶人家逐漸走進平民百姓家，客廳臥室掛畫已經成了一種普遍的風氣，一些名人字畫更是價值幾千萬上億元，可以說是稀世之寶，但是書畫是用宣紙、絹、綾、帛等作底的，嬌貴得很。隨著時間的推移，一旦我們稍有疏忽，很容易使其受到傷害，所以字畫的保養尤其重要。

　　With the improvement of modern living standards, calligraphy and painting have gradually entered ordinary households from wealthy families. Hanging paintings in living rooms and bedrooms has become a common trend, and some celebrity calligraphy and painting are worth millions or billions of yuan, which can be said to be rare treasures. However, calligraphy and painting are based on Xuan paper, silk, satin, and other materials, which are very delicate. With the passage of time, once we make a slight negligence, it is easy to cause harm, so the maintenance of calligraphy and painting is particularly important.

　　收藏字畫時不要用手直接接觸作品，應戴上手套，以免字畫被汗漬污染和指甲劃破。欣賞字畫時要避免陽光直射作品。字畫開卷閉卷不能過于用力。若出現折痕，可在字畫背面噴些水使其潤濕，然后貼在玻璃上晾干或用低溫熨斗熨燙一下，折痕即可。

　　When collecting calligraphy and paintings, do not directly touch the works with your hands. Wear gloves to prevent the calligraphy and paintings from being contaminated by sweat and scratched by nails. When appreciating calligraphy and painting, avoid direct sunlight on the artwork. The opening and closing of calligraphy and painting should not be too forceful. If there are creases, spray some water on the back of the calligraphy or painting to wet it, then stick it on glass to dry or iron it with a low-temperature iron to eliminate the creases.

　　字畫在存放時要注意防潮防光防塵。藏室要保持適宜的溫濕度。燈光的強度也要控制，字畫珍品放進囊匣中置陰暗處保存，不要輕易見光。

　　Attention should be paid to moisture, light, and dust prevention when storing calligraphy and painting. The storage room should maintain appropriate temperature and humidity. The intensity of the lighting should also be controlled, and it is best to store calligraphy and painting treasures in a dark place in the middle of the bag, avoiding easy exposure to light.

　　如果萬一字畫被泥土、墨水、油脂等弄臟，要進行清洗。一般情況下，只要用軟性的毛筆或刷子輕輕將不潔物干擦掉。如污斑嚴重，可局部濕洗，用棉花球或毛筆蘸些清洗劑，將污跡擦去，并隨時用吸墨紙吸掉液體，用清水蘸殘留的清洗劑，操作時要謹慎行事，以免損壞書畫。

　　If the calligraphy or painting gets dirty with soil, ink, grease, etc., it should be cleaned. In general, as long as a soft brush or brush is used to gently dry and wipe off impurities. If the stains are severe, they can be locally wet washed. Use a cotton ball or brush dipped in some cleaning agent to wipe off the stains, and use absorbent paper to absorb the liquid at any time. Finally, dip the remaining cleaning agent in clean water. Be careful when operating to avoid damaging the calligraphy and painting.

　　為了防止字畫霉變蟲蛀，可進行。一種方法是用、殺蟲劑進行熏蒸，另一種是將防霉變的紙夾在書畫中，效果也很好。 　　字畫的畫面如出現蛀孔、裂縫或殘缺，可進行嵌補。方法是將一張與舊字畫的質地、顏色相近的修復紙粘在要嵌補處，接口要均勻，晾干后用卵石反復平整，以不露修補痕跡。如果修復紙與原字畫的紙色仍有反差，可用茶葉水或顏料潤涂，力求色調和諧。用相同的筆墨、手法將畫面的缺筆接上補全。

　　To prevent moldy and insect infested calligraphy and paintings, disinfection can be carried out. One method is to fumigate with fungicides and insecticides, and the other is to clip the sterilized paper that has become mold resistant into calligraphy and painting, which also has a good effect. If there are holes, cracks or defects in the calligraphy and painting, they can be repaired. The method is to stick a piece of repair paper with a texture and color similar to the old calligraphy and painting to the area to be repaired, with even joints. After drying, use pebbles to repeatedly level it to avoid exposing repair marks. If there is still a contrast between the color of the repaired paper and the original calligraphy and painting paper, tea water or pigment can be used to moisten and apply, striving for a harmonious color tone. Finally, use the same strokes and techniques to fill in the missing strokes in the picture.

　　字畫擺放知識

　　Knowledge of calligraphy and painting placement

　　關于字畫的擺放，也挺有講究的，因為有些字畫是專門用來裝飾所用的，懸掛藝術作品可以開闊視野，增加品位，陶冶情操愉悅身心。

　　Regarding the placement of calligraphy and painting, there is also a lot of attention to detail, because some calligraphy and painting are specifically used for decoration. Hanging art works can broaden the view, increase taste, cultivate emotions, and bring joy to the body and mind.

　　要注意擺放的采光，特別是繪畫，因為每幅畫都有明暗之分，繪畫的光源能常采取左上方。向陽的居室，圖畫應掛在室內與窗戶成90°角的右側墻壁上。這樣，窗外的自然光源與畫面上的光源方向相互呼應，容易和諧統一。但是也要避免光直接照射到。放在光源照射的范圍的旁邊，既能保證采光也能保證畫的品相。因為陽光中的紫外線會使紙、絹的纖維變質、泛黃、褪色和發脆，極易造成字畫的損壞，從而縮短字畫的壽命。另外，白熾燈泡和熒光燈管發出的光也有少量紫外線，雖然影響不大，但長時間近距離照射也會使字畫紙質變黃。所以，在房子布局安排上，應該讓白熾燈、日光燈與字畫保持2米以上的距離，并且一定要選用低功率的光源

　　Firstly, attention should be paid to the lighting of the placement, especially in painting, because each painting has a distinction between light and dark, and the light source for painting can often be taken from the upper left corner. In a sunny living room, the painting should be hung on the right wall at a 90 degree angle to the window. In this way, the natural light source outside the window echoes the direction of the light source on the screen, making it easy to achieve harmonious unity. But it is also necessary to avoid direct exposure to light. It is best to place it next to the maximum range illuminated by the light source, which can ensure both natural lighting and the quality of the painting. Because ultraviolet rays in sunlight can cause the fibers of paper and silk to deteriorate, turn yellow, fade, and become brittle, which can easily damage calligraphy and painting, thereby shortening their lifespan. In addition, the light emitted by incandescent bulbs and fluorescent tubes also contains a small amount of ultraviolet radiation. Although the impact is not significant, prolonged exposure at close range can cause the calligraphy and painting paper to turn yellow. Therefore, in the layout arrangement of the house, incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, and calligraphy and painting should be kept at a distance of more than 2 meters, and low-power light sources must be selected

　　其次要選擇適當的位置。字畫要掛在引人注目的墻面開闊處如迎門的主墻面、茶幾、沙發、寫字臺以及床頭上方的墻壁、床邊等外。而房間的角落，衣柜邊的陰影處就不宜掛字畫。懸掛著的書畫每天都要用馬尾掃帚或絲佛軟性的帚輕輕地撣掃畫面，切不可用力拂，以免刺傷畫芯。也不要將窗戶全部打開，以免風直接吹指畫面。懸掛書畫的前面一定要放置一張小的案幾來保護它，案幾前不要放擋住畫的東西，只宜放置香爐、琴、硯等。 如果是非常珍貴的畫，很少有人會將它整日掛于墻壁之上的。因為一旦長時間的懸掛，很容易使其變形。這時候，就要選擇密封。我們能把字畫用牛皮紙包裹好，放入密封性能較好的箱子或柜子里。還可以在箱角處放上樟腦塊等驅蟲用品，以防蟲蛀。如果再放入些吸水性能較好的圖紙，就可以保證字畫安然無恙，延長其壽命。一旦字畫出現受潮霉爛等情況，我們展開時就要特別小心，防止其破碎。如果受潮不是很嚴重，展開后應該從反面曬干或吹干。當然，世間萬物都是存在兩面性的。長時間的懸掛和長時間的密封存放對字畫都會產生一些損害，是懸掛和密封這兩種方法輪換使用。另外，五月底六月初是書畫保養的黃金時間。因為進入五月份，隨著春夏季節交替帶來濕度、溫度等多種因素的變化，字畫很容易受到各方面的影響。我們應該利用這段時間，選一個晴朗干燥的天氣，將字畫一件件掛起，吹去潮氣后再次小心收存。

　　Secondly, it is necessary to choose an appropriate location. The calligraphy and painting should be hung on eye-catching walls and open areas such as the main wall facing the door, coffee table, sofa, writing desk, as well as the walls above the bed and bedside. In the corners of the room and the shaded areas next to the wardrobe, it is not suitable to hang calligraphy and paintings. Hanging paintings and calligraphy should be lightly brushed with a ponytail broom or a silk Buddha soft broom every day, and must not be forcefully brushed to avoid puncturing the painting core. Do not open all the windows to prevent the wind from blowing directly onto the screen. A small table should be placed in front of hanging calligraphy and painting to protect it. Do not place anything that blocks the painting in front of the table, only incense burners, pianos, inkstones, etc. If it is a very precious painting, few people would hang it on the wall all day long. Because once suspended for a long time, it is easy to deform. At this point, it is necessary to choose sealing. We'd better wrap the calligraphy and painting in kraft paper and put them in a box or cabinet with good sealing performance. You can also place insect repellent products such as camphor blocks at the corners of the box to prevent insect infestation. If some drawings with good water absorption performance are added, it can ensure the safety of the calligraphy and painting, and extend their lifespan. Once the calligraphy and painting become damp, moldy, or rotten, we need to be particularly careful when unfolding to prevent them from breaking. If the moisture is not very severe, it should be dried or blown dry from the opposite side after unfolding. Of course, everything in the world has two sides. Long term hanging and sealed storage can cause some damage to calligraphy and painting. It is best to alternate between hanging and sealing methods. In addition, late May to early June is the golden time for calligraphy and painting maintenance. As May approaches, with the alternation of spring and summer bringing changes in humidity, temperature, and other factors, calligraphy and painting are easily influenced by various factors. We should use this time to choose a sunny and dry weather, hang up the calligraphy and paintings one by one, blow away the moisture, and carefully store them again.

　　是所掛字畫的數量不宜多。居室字畫數量太多，會使人眼花繚亂。一兩幅經過精心挑選的作品，完全可以起到畫龍點睛的作用。盡量不要懸掛一些已經太蕭條的字畫，容易使人產生消極的情緒。

　　Finally, the number of calligraphy and paintings hung should not be too large. There are too many calligraphy and paintings in the living room, which can make people dazzled. One or two carefully selected works can definitely serve as the finishing touch. Try not to hang paintings or calligraphy that are already too bleak, as it can easily create negative emotions.

　　陰雨連綿，空氣濕度特別大，字畫極易遭受霉菌侵害，潮濕的空氣會改變紙絹的物理結構，此時將書畫卷收起來，放到窄小的木匣中或者塑料袋中封閉起來，以免受潮發霉。另外放置書畫的袋中也可放些樟腦丸之類的防蟲藥品，可防止生蠹蟲。如果字畫已經受潮，可將受潮輕的作品擺放到鋪有氈子的平案上，將室內溫度調整到22℃25℃之間慢慢晾干。對受潮較為嚴重的或被雨水淋濕的作品，則要考慮重新揭裱，對作品上所留下的斑漬進行清洗，還作品本來面目。

　　Continuous rainy weather and high air humidity make calligraphy and painting highly susceptible to mold damage. Moist air can alter the physical structure of paper and silk. At this time, it is best to collect calligraphy and painting rolls and seal them in narrow wooden boxes or plastic bags to prevent moisture and mold. In addition, insect repellent such as camphor balls can also be placed in the bag for calligraphy and painting to prevent the growth of moths. If the calligraphy and painting have been dampened, you can place the lightly dampened works on a flat surface covered with felt, adjust the indoor temperature to between 22 ℃ and 25 ℃, and slowly dry them. For works that have been severely affected by moisture or rainwater, it is necessary to consider re framing, cleaning the stains left on the works, and restoring the original appearance of the works.

　　鑒定字畫

　　Identification of calligraphy and painting

　　鑒定字畫一般都不會先去查看素描本身畫的是什么，而是先看了那張素描紙，輕微的用手折了一下，看看紙質的硬度和柔韌度，這是鑒定字畫所必須的程序。

　　Generally, when evaluating calligraphy and painting, one does not first examine what the sketch itself depicts. Instead, one looks at the sketch paper and lightly folds it by hand to check the hardness and flexibility of the paper. This is a necessary procedure for evaluating calligraphy and painting.

　　本文由  收購名人字畫 友情奉獻.更多有關的知識請點擊  http://www.yidajxc.com/   真誠的態度.為您提供為的服務.更多有關的知識我們將會陸續向大家奉獻.敬請期待.

　　This article is dedicated to the acquisition of celebrity calligraphy and painting friendship For more related knowledge, please click http://www.yidajxc.com/ Sincere attitude To provide you with comprehensive services We will gradually contribute more relevant knowledge to everyone Coming soon.　　隨著現代生活水平的提高，字畫已經從原來的大戶人家逐漸走進平民百姓家，客廳臥室掛畫已經成了一種普遍的風氣，一些名人字畫更是價值幾千萬上億元，可以說是稀世之寶，但是書畫是用宣紙、絹、綾、帛等作底的，嬌貴得很。隨著時間的推移，一旦我們稍有疏忽，很容易使其受到傷害，所以字畫的保養尤其重要。

　　With the improvement of modern living standards, calligraphy and painting have gradually entered ordinary households from wealthy families. Hanging paintings in living rooms and bedrooms has become a common trend, and some celebrity calligraphy and painting are worth millions or billions of yuan, which can be said to be rare treasures. However, calligraphy and painting are based on Xuan paper, silk, satin, and other materials, which are very delicate. With the passage of time, once we make a slight negligence, it is easy to cause harm, so the maintenance of calligraphy and painting is particularly important.

　　收藏字畫時不要用手直接接觸作品，應戴上手套，以免字畫被汗漬污染和指甲劃破。欣賞字畫時要避免陽光直射作品。字畫開卷閉卷不能過于用力。若出現折痕，可在字畫背面噴些水使其潤濕，然后貼在玻璃上晾干或用低溫熨斗熨燙一下，折痕即可。

　　When collecting calligraphy and paintings, do not directly touch the works with your hands. Wear gloves to prevent the calligraphy and paintings from being contaminated by sweat and scratched by nails. When appreciating calligraphy and painting, avoid direct sunlight on the artwork. The opening and closing of calligraphy and painting should not be too forceful. If there are creases, spray some water on the back of the calligraphy or painting to wet it, then stick it on glass to dry or iron it with a low-temperature iron to eliminate the creases.

　　字畫在存放時要注意防潮防光防塵。藏室要保持適宜的溫濕度。燈光的強度也要控制，字畫珍品放進囊匣中置陰暗處保存，不要輕易見光。

　　Attention should be paid to moisture, light, and dust prevention when storing calligraphy and painting. The storage room should maintain appropriate temperature and humidity. The intensity of the lighting should also be controlled, and it is best to store calligraphy and painting treasures in a dark place in the middle of the bag, avoiding easy exposure to light.

　　如果萬一字畫被泥土、墨水、油脂等弄臟，要進行清洗。一般情況下，只要用軟性的毛筆或刷子輕輕將不潔物干擦掉。如污斑嚴重，可局部濕洗，用棉花球或毛筆蘸些清洗劑，將污跡擦去，并隨時用吸墨紙吸掉液體，用清水蘸殘留的清洗劑，操作時要謹慎行事，以免損壞書畫。

　　If the calligraphy or painting gets dirty with soil, ink, grease, etc., it should be cleaned. In general, as long as a soft brush or brush is used to gently dry and wipe off impurities. If the stains are severe, they can be locally wet washed. Use a cotton ball or brush dipped in some cleaning agent to wipe off the stains, and use absorbent paper to absorb the liquid at any time. Finally, dip the remaining cleaning agent in clean water. Be careful when operating to avoid damaging the calligraphy and painting.

　　為了防止字畫霉變蟲蛀，可進行。一種方法是用、殺蟲劑進行熏蒸，另一種是將防霉變的紙夾在書畫中，效果也很好。 　　字畫的畫面如出現蛀孔、裂縫或殘缺，可進行嵌補。方法是將一張與舊字畫的質地、顏色相近的修復紙粘在要嵌補處，接口要均勻，晾干后用卵石反復平整，以不露修補痕跡。如果修復紙與原字畫的紙色仍有反差，可用茶葉水或顏料潤涂，力求色調和諧。用相同的筆墨、手法將畫面的缺筆接上補全。

　　To prevent moldy and insect infested calligraphy and paintings, disinfection can be carried out. One method is to fumigate with fungicides and insecticides, and the other is to clip the sterilized paper that has become mold resistant into calligraphy and painting, which also has a good effect. If there are holes, cracks or defects in the calligraphy and painting, they can be repaired. The method is to stick a piece of repair paper with a texture and color similar to the old calligraphy and painting to the area to be repaired, with even joints. After drying, use pebbles to repeatedly level it to avoid exposing repair marks. If there is still a contrast between the color of the repaired paper and the original calligraphy and painting paper, tea water or pigment can be used to moisten and apply, striving for a harmonious color tone. Finally, use the same strokes and techniques to fill in the missing strokes in the picture.

　　字畫擺放知識

　　Knowledge of calligraphy and painting placement

　　關于字畫的擺放，也挺有講究的，因為有些字畫是專門用來裝飾所用的，懸掛藝術作品可以開闊視野，增加品位，陶冶情操愉悅身心。

　　Regarding the placement of calligraphy and painting, there is also a lot of attention to detail, because some calligraphy and painting are specifically used for decoration. Hanging art works can broaden the view, increase taste, cultivate emotions, and bring joy to the body and mind.

　　要注意擺放的采光，特別是繪畫，因為每幅畫都有明暗之分，繪畫的光源能常采取左上方。向陽的居室，圖畫應掛在室內與窗戶成90°角的右側墻壁上。這樣，窗外的自然光源與畫面上的光源方向相互呼應，容易和諧統一。但是也要避免光直接照射到。放在光源照射的范圍的旁邊，既能保證采光也能保證畫的品相。因為陽光中的紫外線會使紙、絹的纖維變質、泛黃、褪色和發脆，極易造成字畫的損壞，從而縮短字畫的壽命。另外，白熾燈泡和熒光燈管發出的光也有少量紫外線，雖然影響不大，但長時間近距離照射也會使字畫紙質變黃。所以，在房子布局安排上，應該讓白熾燈、日光燈與字畫保持2米以上的距離，并且一定要選用低功率的光源

　　Firstly, attention should be paid to the lighting of the placement, especially in painting, because each painting has a distinction between light and dark, and the light source for painting can often be taken from the upper left corner. In a sunny living room, the painting should be hung on the right wall at a 90 degree angle to the window. In this way, the natural light source outside the window echoes the direction of the light source on the screen, making it easy to achieve harmonious unity. But it is also necessary to avoid direct exposure to light. It is best to place it next to the maximum range illuminated by the light source, which can ensure both natural lighting and the quality of the painting. Because ultraviolet rays in sunlight can cause the fibers of paper and silk to deteriorate, turn yellow, fade, and become brittle, which can easily damage calligraphy and painting, thereby shortening their lifespan. In addition, the light emitted by incandescent bulbs and fluorescent tubes also contains a small amount of ultraviolet radiation. Although the impact is not significant, prolonged exposure at close range can cause the calligraphy and painting paper to turn yellow. Therefore, in the layout arrangement of the house, incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, and calligraphy and painting should be kept at a distance of more than 2 meters, and low-power light sources must be selected

　　其次要選擇適當的位置。字畫要掛在引人注目的墻面開闊處如迎門的主墻面、茶幾、沙發、寫字臺以及床頭上方的墻壁、床邊等外。而房間的角落，衣柜邊的陰影處就不宜掛字畫。懸掛著的書畫每天都要用馬尾掃帚或絲佛軟性的帚輕輕地撣掃畫面，切不可用力拂，以免刺傷畫芯。也不要將窗戶全部打開，以免風直接吹指畫面。懸掛書畫的前面一定要放置一張小的案幾來保護它，案幾前不要放擋住畫的東西，只宜放置香爐、琴、硯等。 如果是非常珍貴的畫，很少有人會將它整日掛于墻壁之上的。因為一旦長時間的懸掛，很容易使其變形。這時候，就要選擇密封。我們能把字畫用牛皮紙包裹好，放入密封性能較好的箱子或柜子里。還可以在箱角處放上樟腦塊等驅蟲用品，以防蟲蛀。如果再放入些吸水性能較好的圖紙，就可以保證字畫安然無恙，延長其壽命。一旦字畫出現受潮霉爛等情況，我們展開時就要特別小心，防止其破碎。如果受潮不是很嚴重，展開后應該從反面曬干或吹干。當然，世間萬物都是存在兩面性的。長時間的懸掛和長時間的密封存放對字畫都會產生一些損害，是懸掛和密封這兩種方法輪換使用。另外，五月底六月初是書畫保養的黃金時間。因為進入五月份，隨著春夏季節交替帶來濕度、溫度等多種因素的變化，字畫很容易受到各方面的影響。我們應該利用這段時間，選一個晴朗干燥的天氣，將字畫一件件掛起，吹去潮氣后再次小心收存。

　　Secondly, it is necessary to choose an appropriate location. The calligraphy and painting should be hung on eye-catching walls and open areas such as the main wall facing the door, coffee table, sofa, writing desk, as well as the walls above the bed and bedside. In the corners of the room and the shaded areas next to the wardrobe, it is not suitable to hang calligraphy and paintings. Hanging paintings and calligraphy should be lightly brushed with a ponytail broom or a silk Buddha soft broom every day, and must not be forcefully brushed to avoid puncturing the painting core. Do not open all the windows to prevent the wind from blowing directly onto the screen. A small table should be placed in front of hanging calligraphy and painting to protect it. Do not place anything that blocks the painting in front of the table, only incense burners, pianos, inkstones, etc. If it is a very precious painting, few people would hang it on the wall all day long. Because once suspended for a long time, it is easy to deform. At this point, it is necessary to choose sealing. We'd better wrap the calligraphy and painting in kraft paper and put them in a box or cabinet with good sealing performance. You can also place insect repellent products such as camphor blocks at the corners of the box to prevent insect infestation. If some drawings with good water absorption performance are added, it can ensure the safety of the calligraphy and painting, and extend their lifespan. Once the calligraphy and painting become damp, moldy, or rotten, we need to be particularly careful when unfolding to prevent them from breaking. If the moisture is not very severe, it should be dried or blown dry from the opposite side after unfolding. Of course, everything in the world has two sides. Long term hanging and sealed storage can cause some damage to calligraphy and painting. It is best to alternate between hanging and sealing methods. In addition, late May to early June is the golden time for calligraphy and painting maintenance. As May approaches, with the alternation of spring and summer bringing changes in humidity, temperature, and other factors, calligraphy and painting are easily influenced by various factors. We should use this time to choose a sunny and dry weather, hang up the calligraphy and paintings one by one, blow away the moisture, and carefully store them again.

　　是所掛字畫的數量不宜多。居室字畫數量太多，會使人眼花繚亂。一兩幅經過精心挑選的作品，完全可以起到畫龍點睛的作用。盡量不要懸掛一些已經太蕭條的字畫，容易使人產生消極的情緒。

　　Finally, the number of calligraphy and paintings hung should not be too large. There are too many calligraphy and paintings in the living room, which can make people dazzled. One or two carefully selected works can definitely serve as the finishing touch. Try not to hang paintings or calligraphy that are already too bleak, as it can easily create negative emotions.

　　陰雨連綿，空氣濕度特別大，字畫極易遭受霉菌侵害，潮濕的空氣會改變紙絹的物理結構，此時將書畫卷收起來，放到窄小的木匣中或者塑料袋中封閉起來，以免受潮發霉。另外放置書畫的袋中也可放些樟腦丸之類的防蟲藥品，可防止生蠹蟲。如果字畫已經受潮，可將受潮輕的作品擺放到鋪有氈子的平案上，將室內溫度調整到22℃25℃之間慢慢晾干。對受潮較為嚴重的或被雨水淋濕的作品，則要考慮重新揭裱，對作品上所留下的斑漬進行清洗，還作品本來面目。

　　Continuous rainy weather and high air humidity make calligraphy and painting highly susceptible to mold damage. Moist air can alter the physical structure of paper and silk. At this time, it is best to collect calligraphy and painting rolls and seal them in narrow wooden boxes or plastic bags to prevent moisture and mold. In addition, insect repellent such as camphor balls can also be placed in the bag for calligraphy and painting to prevent the growth of moths. If the calligraphy and painting have been dampened, you can place the lightly dampened works on a flat surface covered with felt, adjust the indoor temperature to between 22 ℃ and 25 ℃, and slowly dry them. For works that have been severely affected by moisture or rainwater, it is necessary to consider re framing, cleaning the stains left on the works, and restoring the original appearance of the works.

　　鑒定字畫

　　Identification of calligraphy and painting

　　鑒定字畫一般都不會先去查看素描本身畫的是什么，而是先看了那張素描紙，輕微的用手折了一下，看看紙質的硬度和柔韌度，這是鑒定字畫所必須的程序。

　　Generally, when evaluating calligraphy and painting, one does not first examine what the sketch itself depicts. Instead, one looks at the sketch paper and lightly folds it by hand to check the hardness and flexibility of the paper. This is a necessary procedure for evaluating calligraphy and painting.

　　本文由  收購名人字畫 友情奉獻.更多有關的知識請點擊  http://www.yidajxc.com/   真誠的態度.為您提供為的服務.更多有關的知識我們將會陸續向大家奉獻.敬請期待.

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