收購名人字畫必懂：行話+尺寸+形制，不懂這些易被坑

　　Essential knowledge for purchasing celebrity calligraphy and painting: jargon, size, and form. Not understanding these can easily lead to pitfalls

　　收購名人字畫，不僅要辨真偽、識價值，更要懂行業行話、明尺寸形制，否則一開口就會被看出是“外行”，談價、選品時極易被忽悠，終花高價入手不合規、無價值的作品。字畫圈的行話、黑話貫穿收購全流程，從尺寸換算到形制區分，從品相描述到真偽判斷，每一個術語都藏著行業門道。很多藏家之所以在收購時踩坑，不僅是因為不懂藝術鑒賞，更因為不了解這些核心術語，被商家牽著鼻子走。今天，我們就拆解收購名人字畫必須掌握的行話、尺寸換算、形制材質知識，用通俗的語言解讀行業門道，幫大家快速入門，避免因“外行”身份吃虧，輕松掌握收購名人字畫的核心技巧。

　　To acquire celebrity calligraphy and paintings, it is not only necessary to distinguish authenticity and value, but also to understand industry jargon and clarify size and shape. Otherwise, one will be seen as a "layman" when speaking up, and it is easy to be deceived when negotiating prices and selecting products, ultimately spending a high price to buy non compliant and worthless works. The jargon and jargon of calligraphy and painting circles run through the entire process of acquisition, from size conversion to form differentiation, from product description to authenticity judgment, each term hides industry secrets. Many collectors fall into traps during acquisitions not only because they do not understand art appreciation, but also because they do not understand these core terms and are led by the nose by the merchants. Today, we will break down the jargon, size conversion, shape and material knowledge that must be mastered in the acquisition of celebrity calligraphy and painting. We will use popular language to interpret the industry's tricks, help everyone quickly get started, avoid losses due to being a "layman", and easily master the core skills of acquiring celebrity calligraphy and painting.

　　收購名人字畫，談價的核心前提是明確尺寸，而字畫圈描述尺寸的行話的是“平尺”，這就像當代藝術常用系數計價一樣，是行業通用的計價標準。很多外行不知道平尺的換算方法，容易被商家虛報尺寸、亂報價，因此掌握平尺換算和相關尺寸術語，是收購名人字畫的步。所謂一平尺，換算成公分就是33.3×33.3公分，而一張字畫的平尺數，換算方法也很簡單：用字畫的長（公分）乘以寬（公分），再乘以九，去掉小數點后，得出的數字就是平尺數。比如一張1米×1米的字畫，換算后就是9平尺，計算起來簡單易懂。

　　The core prerequisite for negotiating the price of acquiring celebrity calligraphy and painting is to clarify the size, and the jargon used to describe the size in the calligraphy and painting circle is "straightedge", which is like the commonly used coefficient pricing in contemporary art and is a common pricing standard in the industry. Many laymen do not know the conversion method of the straightedge, which can easily lead to false size and irregular pricing by businesses. Therefore, mastering the conversion of straightedge and related size terms is the first step in acquiring celebrity calligraphy and painting. The so-called one square foot, converted to centimeters, is 33.3 × 33.3 centimeters, and the conversion method for the number of square feet on a calligraphy or painting is also very simple: multiply the length (centimeters) of the calligraphy or painting by the width (centimeters), then multiply by nine, remove the decimal point, and the resulting number is the number of square feet. For example, a calligraphy and painting measuring 1 meter by 1 meter, converted to 9 square feet, is easy to calculate and understand.

　　除了基礎換算，收購時還會經常遇到各種尺寸簡化術語，掌握這些術語能讓溝通更，也能避免被商家忽悠。比如“斗方”，尺寸大致在69×69公分左右，換算后約為四平尺，是收購中比較常見的尺寸；“四尺整張”約為八平尺，“六尺整張”約為15平尺，而“丈二匹”則高達48平尺，屬于大幅作品，通常更高。此外，還有“四尺對開”“六尺對開”等術語，指的是將對應尺寸的字畫對折分開，尺寸減半，這類作品更適合小戶型收藏或作為搭配裝飾，收購時需根據自身需求和預算選擇。

　　In addition to basic conversion, various size simplification terms are often encountered during acquisitions. Mastering these terms can make communication more efficient and avoid being deceived by merchants. For example, "Dou Fang" has a size of approximately 69 × 69 centimeters, which is about four square feet after conversion and is a common size in procurement; A "four foot sheet" is about eight square feet, a "six foot sheet" is about 15 square feet, and a "zhang er pi" is as high as 48 square feet, which is a large-scale work and usually priced higher. In addition, there are terms such as "four foot split" and "six foot split", which refer to folding and splitting the corresponding size of calligraphy and painting in half, reducing the size by half. These works are more suitable for small apartment collections or as decorative accessories, and should be selected according to one's own needs and budget when purchasing.

　　除了尺寸，字畫的形制也是收購名人字畫時必須關注的，不同形制的字畫，不僅擺放場景不同，收藏價值和市場也有差異。字畫的形制術語，大多源于古代字畫的擺放規矩，傳承今，成為行業通用標準。比如“中堂”，是古代進門后擺放在太師椅中間的大幅字畫，因古代房梁較高，中堂尺寸較大，氣勢端莊，如今多適合擺放在客廳、廳堂，收購時這類形制的作品，通常比同尺寸其他形制更具收藏價值。

　　In addition to size, the form of calligraphy and painting is also a key consideration when purchasing celebrity calligraphy and painting. Different forms of calligraphy and painting not only have different placement scenarios, but also have differences in collection value and market price. The formal terminology of calligraphy and painting mostly originates from the placement rules of ancient calligraphy and painting, and has been passed down to this day, becoming a universal standard in the industry. For example, the "Middle Hall" is a large calligraphy and painting placed in the middle of the Grand Tutor's Chair after entering the door in ancient times. Due to the high beams and large size of the ancient house, the Middle Hall has a dignified atmosphere. Nowadays, it is more suitable to be placed in the living room and hall. When purchased, works of this type are usually more valuable for collection than other shapes of the same size.

　　中堂兩側通常會搭配“對聯”，規格較高的中堂，上方還會搭配“橫匾”，形成完整的裝飾組合，這類成套作品在收購時，價值通常高于單獨的中堂或對聯。而“琴條”則是瘦長型的字畫，尺寸小巧，適合擺放在起居室、書房，多為文人書法作品，風格雅致，是文人收藏的熱門形制。此外，還有“書房對”，指尺寸較小的對聯，適配書房擺放，雅致簡約；“龍門對”則氣勢磅礴，字體舒展，多適合擺放在開闊空間，收購時需結合擺放場景和個人喜好選擇。

　　The two sides of the nave are usually paired with "couplets". For higher specification naves, a "horizontal plaque" is also placed above to form a complete decorative combination. These complete sets of works are usually more valuable than individual naves or couplets when purchased. The "qin tiao" is a slender and small type of calligraphy and painting, suitable for placement in living rooms and study rooms. It is mostly a calligraphy work of literati, with an elegant style, and is a popular form for literati collection. In addition, there is also the "study pair", which refers to small-sized couplets that are suitable for placement in the study, elegant and simple; Longmen Dui "is majestic, with loose fonts that are suitable for placement in open spaces. When purchasing, it is necessary to choose based on the placement scene and personal preferences.

　　除了常見的中堂、對聯、琴條，收購時還會遇到冊頁、手卷、成扇、扇面、圓光等形制，其中圓光又分為大圓光、小圓光，形制獨特，適合小眾收藏。這里有一個核心術語需要牢記：所有單張未裝裱的字畫，都稱為“鏡心”；裝裱后豎掛的稱為“立軸”；裝裱后橫掛的稱為“橫批”，收購時明確這些術語，能快速準確地向商家表達需求，避免因表述不清導致誤購。

　　In addition to common naves, couplets, and piano pieces, when purchasing, one may also encounter shapes such as brochures, hand scrolls, fan shapes, fan faces, and round lights. Among them, round lights are divided into large round lights and small round lights, with unique shapes that are suitable for niche collections. There is a core term that needs to be kept in mind here: all single unparamed calligraphy and painting are called "mirror hearts"; The vertical hanging after framing is called a "vertical axis"; The horizontal hanging after framing is called "horizontal banner". Clarifying these terms during the acquisition can quickly and accurately express the needs to the merchant, avoiding mistaken purchases due to unclear expression.

　　材質也是收購名人字畫的關鍵，不同材質的字畫，價值和保存難度差異較大，行業內也有明確的術語區分。通常來說，絹本、綾本的字畫，會比紙本更高，因為絹、綾材質更稀有，保存難度更大，且質感更細膩，更能體現作品的藝術效果。收購時，商家通常會明確告知材質，若遇到商家模糊材質、以紙本冒充絹本的情況，需格外警惕，避免被忽悠。

　　Material is also the key to acquiring celebrity calligraphy and paintings. Calligraphy and paintings made of different materials have significant differences in value and preservation difficulty, and there are clear terminology distinctions within the industry. Generally speaking, the price of silk and silk calligraphy and painting is higher than that of paper because silk and silk materials are rarer, more difficult to preserve, and have a finer texture, which better reflects the artistic effect of the work. When making an acquisition, the merchant usually specifies the material. If the merchant blurs the material or impersonates silk with paper, extra caution should be taken to avoid being deceived.

　　除了尺寸、形制、材質，收購名人字畫時，還需掌握一些常用的品相、真偽相關行話，避免踩坑。比如“開門”，指作品一眼看去就是典型的真跡，特征明顯、無爭議；“關門”則相反，指作品明顯是仿品，毫無爭議。形容品相時，“墨暈”指墨色輕微暈開，屬于正常品相；“原裝原裱”則指作品當年畫完后原裝裱，未經過二次裝裱，這類作品保存完好，更具收藏價值，也相對更高。

　　In addition to size, shape, and material, when purchasing celebrity calligraphy and paintings, it is also necessary to master some commonly used terms related to appearance and authenticity to avoid pitfalls. For example, "opening the door" refers to a work that appears to be a typical authentic work at first glance, with distinct and undisputed features; 'Closing the door' is the opposite, referring to works that are clearly imitations, without any dispute. When describing the appearance, "ink halo" refers to a slight darkening of the ink color, which is considered a normal appearance; Original mounting "refers to works that are originally mounted after being painted, without undergoing secondary mounting. These works are well preserved, have greater collection value, and are relatively more expensive.

　　還有一些負面行話需要警惕，比如“挖款”，指商家將原作者的落款挖掉，修補后改署更知名大家的落款，以此抬高，這類作品屬于偽造，收購時需仔細甄別；“透背”則是老字畫的特征，指墨色經過幾十年沉淀，透過紙背，這種歲月感難以仿制，是判斷老字畫真偽的重要依據；“反鉛”指老字畫上的白色顏料（古代多用鉛），經過時間氧化變黑，也是老字畫的典型特征。

　　There are also some negative jargons that need to be guarded against, such as "poaching", which refers to businesses digging out the original author's signature, repairing it, and signing a more well-known signature in order to raise the price. Such works belong to forgery and need to be carefully screened when purchasing; 'Transparent back' is a characteristic of old calligraphy and painting, referring to the ink color that has been deposited for decades and passes through the paper back. This sense of time is difficult to replicate and is an important basis for judging the authenticity of old calligraphy and painting; Anti lead "refers to the white pigment on old calligraphy and painting (lead was commonly used in ancient times), which oxidizes over time and turns black, and is also a typical feature of old calligraphy and painting.

　　總結來說，收購名人字畫，懂行話、明尺寸、辨形制、識材質，是避免踩坑的核心。這些術語不僅是行業溝通的工具，更是判斷作品價值、甄別真偽的重要依據，不懂這些，不僅會被商家看出“外行”身份，還可能在談價、選品時吃虧，甚入手偽造、低價值的作品。對于新手藏家而言，先掌握這些基礎術語，再逐步提升藝術鑒賞能力，才能在收購名人字畫的道路上少走彎路，精準入手有價值、可收藏的作品，真正讀懂收購名人字畫的行業門道。

　　In summary, acquiring celebrity calligraphy and paintings, understanding jargon, identifying sizes, distinguishing shapes and materials, is the core to avoid pitfalls. These terms are not only tools for industry communication, but also important basis for judging the value of works and identifying their authenticity. Without understanding these terms, businesses may not only identify themselves as "outsiders", but may also suffer losses in price negotiations and product selection, and even purchase counterfeit and low value works. For novice collectors, mastering these basic terms first and gradually improving their artistic appreciation ability is the key to avoiding detours on the road of acquiring celebrity calligraphy and painting, accurately acquiring valuable and collectible works, and truly understanding the industry's way of acquiring celebrity calligraphy and painting.